Male Teachers and Its Necessity for the Former to Achieve Better Grades Free Essay Example, 10250 words

The issue with regard to the male teachers function as role models has been positively framed by this researcher, believing that it can yield significant advantages in the reduction of the male pupils school-related problems. In the same manner, this dissertation has also given paramount importance to the idea of male teachers as role models in improving the students performance, as supported by the existing literature written such as Shelton (2008); Bachlin (2002); Burn (2002) - with regard to the topic that has been reviewed in order to gain a better understanding of the research issue. However, it must be noted that this particular idea is not just about yielding positive benefits for the educational institution and its students. Rather, this comes with both advantages and disadvantages. According to Skelton (2003), the issue with regard to male teachers as playing a major role in influencing the students has faced a number of issues. Since she- Skelton (2003), together with Bri cheno and Thornton (2007) recognized the importance of stereotypes in relation to role models, male teachers are often only viewed as the disciplinarians. We will write a custom essay sample on Male Teachers and Its Necessity for the Former to Achieve Better Grades or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Hence, they are quite reluctant to construct their masculinity in the so-called laddish way which is important in primary school education. In the same manner, they tend to reinforce their own idea of masculinity in other forms inside the classroom rather than adhering to the nurturing aspect of the teaching profession that is associated with the females (Francis and Skelton 2005). The issue with regard to the male teachers function as role models has been positively framed by this researcher, believing that it can yield significant advantages in the reduction of the male pupils school-related problems. In the same manner, this dissertation has also given paramount importance to the idea of male teachers as role models in improving the students performance, as supported by the existing literature written such as Shelton (2008); Bachlin (2002); Burn (2002) - with regard to the topic that has been reviewed in order to gain a better understanding of the resea rch issue. However, it must be noted that this particular idea is not just about yielding positive benefits for the educational institution and its students. Rather, this comes with both advantages and disadvantages. According to Skelton (2003), the issue with regard to male teachers as playing a major role in influencing the students has faced a number of issues. Since she- Skelton (2003), together with Bricheno and Thornton (2007) recognized the importance of stereotypes in relation to role models, male teachers are often only viewed as the disciplinarians. This is usually because of the fact that the nurturing and caring aspect of the job is often attributed to the women teachers (Skelton 2003; Burn 2002). As a result, male teachers who work with young children often face negative issues such as doubts with regard to their sexual orientation and concerns regarding child molestation (Skelton 2003). Francis and Skelton (2005) also discuss another effect of giving too much focus o n the concept of role models. Apparently, because of the idea that their students look up to them as role models, the male teachers tend to be more careful with regard to their actions. Hence, they are quite reluctant to construct their masculinity in the so-called laddish way which is important in primary school education. In the same manner, they tend to reinforce their own idea of masculinity in other forms inside the classroom rather than adhering to the nurturing aspect of the teaching profession that is associated with the females (Francis and Skelton 2005).

Teaching Plan Free Essays

CLINICAL TEACHING PLAN Name: Course and Year: BSN 3-A Class Schedule: Monday, Tuesday Wednesday Instructor: Date of Submission: Oct. , 2011 A) Description of Learners The learners are BSN Level 3 students. The average age range is from 18- 20 years old, single and full- time students. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Enrolled and registered in the said college school. The new curriculum requires them to report three days in school and three days in the clinical area for their RLE or practicum requirements following the 3/3 plan. Their exposure to the Clinical Area will enable them to practice their skills in the art and practice of rendering appropriate nursing care and intervention. To apply, practice, and enhance of what they learn in school during the return demonstration session. To help their patients become independent in health care and/ or maintenance and rehabilitation, whatever the case may be. To teach patients regarding in health teaching on how tom prevent illness and how to promote health. B) Focus of Clinical Experience Nursing care of clients who are confined in Pedia Ward who have different cases. Most belong to the lower income level. C) Setting The Pedia Ward is located beside the Nurse’s Station. It has a 10 bed capacity. D) Briefing or Orientation a) Discuss and explain the learning objectives of the RLE in the Pedia Ward. b) Discuss the requirements and specific activities during the duty hour. c) Receive the endorsement from the outgoing shift. d) Explain the nature of the evaluation and grading system as follows: i. Psychomotor: 50% * Assessment 10% * Planning and Implementation 30% Evaluation 10% ii. Affective: Attitude/ Professionalism 20% * Is neat and well- groomed 5% * Observes punctuality in all activities 5% * Is reliable, dependable and resourceful 5% * Shows composure in handling emergency/ Crisis situations 5% iii. Cognitive: Cognitive Knowledge 30% TOTAL: 100% SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES FIRST WEEK TIME| 1| 2| 3| :00- 8:00| Devotional (RTMDH)| Devotional (RTMDH)| Devotional (RTMDH)| 8:00- 9:00| Receive Endorsement| Receive Endorsement/| Receive Endorsement| 9:00- 10:00| Ward Orientation and Rounds| Bedside care/ Preparation of medication | Bedside care/preparation of medication| 10:00-10:30| First batch (5students)| 10:30-11:00| Second batch (6 students)| 11:00-12:00| Vital signs taking/Measuring of intake and output/Charting and Graphing| Vital signs taking / Measuring of input and output/Giving of medication| Vital signs taking/ Giving of medication/ Charting and Graphing| 12:00-1:30| Reporting| Group Discussion| Evaluation f Week Performance| 2:00- 3:30| Endorsement| Endorsement| Endorsement| 3:30- 4:00| Travel time| Travel time| Travel time| Days TIME| 4| 5| 6| 7:00- 8:00| Devotional (RTMDH)| Devotional (RTMDH)| Devotional (RTMDH)| 8:00- 9:00| Receive Endorsement/ Rounds| Receive Endorsement/ Rounds| Receive Endorsement/ Rounds| 9:00- 10:00| Bedside Care/Preparation of Medications | Bedside Care/Preparation of Medications / CBG| Bedside Care/Preparation of Medications | 10:00-10:30| First batch (6 students)| 0:30-11:00| Second bat ch (5 students)| 11:00-12:00| Vital signs taking/ Giving of Medications/ Charting and Graphing| Vital signs taking/Giving of Medication/ Charting and Graphing| Vital signs taking/ Charting and Graphing| 12:00-1:00| Measuring of intake and output | Short Quiz | Measuring of intake and output | 1:00-2:002:00-3:30 | Reporting | Reporting | Reporting | 3:30- 4:00| Travel time| Travel time| Travel time| SECOND WEEK Days THIRD WEEK Days TIME| 7| 8| 9| :00- 8:00| Devotional (RTMDH)| Devotional (RTMDH)| Devotional (RTMDH)| 8:00- 9:00| Receive Endorsement/ Rounds| Receive Endorsement/ Rounds| Receive Endorsement/ Rounds| 9:00- 10:00| Bedside care/ Health Teachings/ Preparation of Medications | Bedside care/ Procedural activities / Preparation of Medications | Bedside care/ Procedural activities/ Preparation of medication| 10:00-10:30| First batch (6 students)| 10:30-11:00| Second batch (5 students)| 1:00-12:00| Vital signs taking/CBG| Vital signs taking/ Giving of medication| Vital signs tak ing/ Giving of medication| 12:00-1:00| measuring of intake and output/Graphing/Charting| Measuring of intake and output Graphing/Charting| Measuring of intake and output/ Graphing/Charting | 1:00-2:002:00-3:30| ReportingEndorsement | ReportingEndorsement | Reporting/evaluationEndorsement | 3:30- 4:00| Travel time| Travel time| Travel time| FOURTH WEEK TIME| 10| 11| 12| 7:00- 8:00| Devotional (RTMDH)| Devotional (RTMDH)| Devotional (RTMDH)| 8:00- 9:00| Receive Endorsement/ Rounds| Receive Endorsement/ Rounds| Receive Endorsement| 9:00- 10:00| Preparation of Medication | Preparation of Medication | Rounds| 10:00-10:30| First batch (5 students)| 10:30-11:00| Second batch (6 students)| 1:00-12:00| Vital signs taking/ Giving medication/CBG| Vital signs taking/ Giving of medication/ Measuring of input and output/CBG| Vital signs taking| 12:00-1:001:00-2:00| Measuring of Intake and Output/ Graphing/ChartingGroup Discussion | Case Study Presentation/ Evaluation of NCP and Drug listPost- test | Final Evaluation of Over- all Performance Distribution of Final grades| 2:00- 3:30| Endorsement| Endorsement| Endorsement| 3:30- 4:00| Travel time| Travel time| Travel time| Days (HEALTH EDUCATION) Submitted by: Mary Angeli P. Balomit BSN 3-A Submitted to: Mrs. Carla Guilaran (Teacher) How to cite Teaching Plan, Papers

Professional Development

Question: Discuss about the Professional Development. Answer: Introduction In todays more complex and challenging business environment, personal and professional development is essential in order to accomplish the goals and objectives of the business organizations in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. On the other hand, in current, each and every organization is focusing on the professionalism in the organization. Moreover, most of the organizations are also conducting personal and professional development training programs for the overall development of their employees. In addition to this, in current, healthcare organizations are mainly focusing on professional development training programs in order to enhance quality of healthcare and professionalism of nurses within the organizations. Apart from this, this research paper would be helpful to argue the relevance of professional development to enhance quality of healthcare and professionalism of nurses. Moreover, this paper would also be beneficial to describe the major factors that drive person al and professional development relevant to the field of work. Along with this, the paper would also be advantageous to describe the importance of personal and professional development to provide quality healthcare and nursing cares. As well, the paper would be helpful to explore the local, national and global influences that have an impact on professional development in both positive and negative way. Furthermore, the paper would also be useful to explain the impact of professional development on current health care organization and service delivery. On the whole, this research paper would be valuable to explore the importance of professionalism within the healthcare organizations. Exploring Professionalism in their Own Organization Professional Development to Enhance Quality of Healthcare and Professionalism of Nurses Giri, Frankel, Tulenko, Puckett, Bailey, and Ross (2012) describe that, nowadays, professional development has become a major factor of success for the healthcare organizations. It is because of professional development plays a significant role to improve the learning power and to enhance the knowledge and skills of employees that are essential in order to deliver professional services to the patients and clients. Along with this, professional development also plays an important role to ensure that the workers of the organizations are continued to be competent in their profession (Giri, Frankel, Tulenko, Puckett, Bailey, and Ross, 2012). Moreover, professional development is also helpful to ensure that capabilities and skills of the employees keep pace with the current standards of the organizations. In addition, professional development is also important to make sure that knowledge of employees is up to date and relevant as per the requirements of healthcare organizations. And so, i t can be said that, professional development plays a critical role in order to improve the quality of health care as well as nursing care in an effective and a significant manner (Motacki, and Burke, 2016). In the view of Bose, Oliveras, and Edson (2001), professional development also plays a vital role in order to enhance professionalism on nurses. It is true that, professionalism in nursing is an important component in order to accomplish a healthy work environment or workplace. In other words, it also can be said that, professionalism has become a critical quality for nurses to possess. Professionalism has need of honesty, integrity, concern, a commitment to keep medical advances, an aptitude to communicate with patients effectively, and esteem for patient autonomy. Moreover, in recent years, due to changes in health care delivery and technological advances, nursing professionalism has received increased attention (Bose, Oliveras, and Edson, 2001). Alidina (2013) states that professional development plays a major role in order to deliver a deeper considerate of what it means to be a professional within the healthcare organizations. Professional development also provides the changing trends and directions that are essential to nurses in their profession. Moreover, professional development also plays a significant role to make the nurses social in order to perform their roles, responsibilities, and practices in an effective way. Professional development also develops the knowledge, skills, and advanced technologies within the profession of nurses (Alidina, 2013). As a result, it can be said that, professional development plays a significant role to enhance quality of healthcare and professionalism of nurses. Major Factors That Drive Personal and Professional Development Relevant To Field of Work Betancourt, Green, and Carrillo (2002) describe that there are a lot of important factors that drive personal and professional development relevant to the field of work. In the context of healthcare, personal factors and environmental factors are the major factors that drive personal as well as professional development within the healthcare organizations. These factors are described as below: Personal Factors: There are lots of personal factors that drive personal and professional development within the field of work. For case, personal well-being (quality of life, balance between personal professional life, stress, depression), individual characteristics (motivation, integrity, work ethics, personality traits), and interpersonal qualities skills (communication skills, cynicism, compassion) are the major personal factors that compel personal and professional development within the field of work. The main reason behind it is that personal and professional development improves the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the employees and also motivates them to work according the ethics and standards of the healthcare organizations (Campbell, Silver, Sherbino, Cate, and Holmboe, 2010). Moreover, personal and professional development also plays a significant role in order to maintain balance between personal and professional life of people and to reduce the level of stress in a n effective and a more comprehensive manner. Environmental Factors: There are numerous environmental factors that also oblige personal and professional development within the field of work. For case, organizational culture (focus on need of patient, organizational relationships with industry, relative value placed on patient care), formal/informal curricula on professionalism (mentoring, training, organizational policies), and practice characteristics (specialty, autonomy, work content, workload, patient characteristics environment) are the major environmental factors that drive personal and professional development within the healthcare organizations (Betancourt, Green, and Carrillo, 2002). These environment factors play a major role in order to provide proper training to the employees and also motivate to work as per the pre-determined value of the organizations. In this way, it can be said that personal factors and environment factors are the major factors in the area of health care that coerce personal as well as professio nal development relevant to field of work. Also, these factors create a difference between the personal and professional life of people, so they can be alive their personal life accordingly and can perform their professional duties or responsibilities without any stress or depression (McCaffrey, 2012). Importance of Personal and Professional Development Importance of Personal and Professional Development to Provide Quality Healthcare and Nursing Cares Encourage (2012) says that, in current, professionalism and personal professional development plays an important role to provide quality healthcare and nursing cares in an effective and an appropriate manner. The personal and professional development plays an important role to make sure that doctor and nurses are able to performing as per the medical competence and clinical performance. Along with this, with the help of the professionalism, they become able to perform their ethical as well as professional responsibilities and also provide surety that the medical care they are providing to patients is protected and totally based on the valid scientific evidence. In support of this, Davys, and Jones (2007) state that personal and professional development plays a critical role to improve the performance of the people. For case, with the help of professionalism, people become more sincere and professional in their relevant field of word. Moreover, personal and professional development a lso plays an important role to offer more innovative ways to work and consequently, it improves the quality of healthcare in an automatic manner. Filipe, Silva, Stulting, and Golnik, (2014) describe that personal and professional development plays a significant role in order to improve the quality of nursing cares. As it is well known that nurses plays a significant role in order to deliver safe quality care to patients. In this situation professionalism and professional development motivates nurses to take part in ongoing competence, continuous education, and development activities in order to improve the safety as well as quality of care that they offer to the patients. In this way, it can be said that personal and professional development play a crucial role in order to provide the quality healthcare as well as nursing cares in an effective and a more comprehensive manner (Chism, 2010). Local, National and Global Influences That Have an Impact on Professional Development Brown, Belfield, and Field (2002) describe that, in todays more complex era, the local, national and global influences have an impact on professional development. For case, political, cultural, religious, etc. are the major local, national and global influences that have an impact on professional development in both positive and negative way. Health care policies and professional development training programs that are made at global, national and local levels are easily understandable by all the people of the organizations. As a result; doctors and nurses become able to follow all the instructions in an effective way and also provide safe as well as quality care to the patients. According to Geissinger, and Lloyd (2001), cultural and religious factors or influences have negative impact on professional development. It is because of an organizations consists people of different culture and religion. In this situation, it is very difficult for the people to be agreed on a common thing. In that case, health policies or decisions that are developed at global, national, and local levels often become a matter of debate for the healthcare organizations. In this way, these cultural and religious factors influence the professional development in a negative way. Impact of Professional Development on Current Health Care Organization and Service Delivery In current, professionalism and professional development is considered a key of success for the business organizations. Along with this, professional development also plays a significant role in order to accomplish the personal goals in a pre-determined time period. Professional development has become a major component of all the health care organizations (Porch, 2007). In other words, it can be said that, professional development has numerous positive impact on current health care organization and service delivery. For case, professional development plays a significant role in order to motivate doctors and nurses to upgrade their knowledge, improve patient care, and develop professional relationships to provide safe care to patients. On the other hand, professional development also plays a critical role in order to develop mutual trust between the healthcare providers and patients. Moreover, professional development also improves practices as well as self-esteem within nursing cares so they can provide quality services to the customers. In addition to this, professional development describes all the activities (formal and informal) that are essential to health care providers in order to develop, maintain, update, and improve their professional proficiencies, attitudes, and knowledge in an effective and an appropriate manner (Hinchliff, Norman, and Schober, 2008). Along with this, professional development also plays a critical role in order to expand knowledge as well as skills and to enhance personal professional efficiency of healthcare providers. In this way, it can be said that, in current professional development has changed the overall structures of the healthcare organizations. In current, with the help of professional development, the healthcare organizations have become able to provide safe as well quality care and service delivery to patients on time (Rebeiro, Jack, Scully, and Wilson, 2014). Consequently, it can be said that, professional development has been provided a new path of success to the health care organizations. Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, it can be said that, in current, professional development has played a significant role in order to improve quality of healthcare and professionalism of nurses in an appropriate way. Moreover, it should also be noted down that, professional development has positive impact on current health care organization as well as service delivery. Along with this, it can also be observed that, professional development has been improved the nursing practices, skills, aptitudes, and knowledge in order to improve the quality of care and service of the healthcare organizations in an effective and a significant manner. References Alidina, K. 2013. Professionalism in post-licensure nurses in developed countries. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 3(5), p.128-137. Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R. and Carrillo, J.E. 2002. Cultural competence in health care: Emerging frameworks and practical approaches (Vol. 576). New York: Commonwealth Fund, Quality of Care for Underserved Populations. Bose, S., Oliveras, E. and Edson, W.N. 2001. How can self-assessment improve the quality of healthcare. Operations Research Issue Paper, 2(4), pp.1-27. Brown, C.A., Belfield, C.R. and Field, S.J. 2002. Cost effectiveness of continuing professional development in health care: a critical review of the evidence. Bmj, 324(7338), pp.652-655. Campbell, C., Silver, I., Sherbino, J., Cate, O.T. and Holmboe, E.S. 2010. Competency-based continuing professional development. Medical Teacher, 32(8), pp.657-662. Chism, L.A. 2010. The Doctor of Nursing Practice: A Guidebook for Role Development and Professional Issues. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Davys, D. and Jones, V. 2007. Peer observation: a tool for continuing professional development. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 14(11), pp.489-493. Encourage, I.I.D. 2012. Quality improvement training for healthcare professionals. Health Foundation, p.1-52. Filipe, H.P., Silva, E.D., Stulting, A.A. and Golnik, K.C. 2014. Continuing professional development: Best practices. Middle East African journal of ophthalmology, 21(2), p.134-141. Geissinger, H. and Lloyd, P. 2001. Continuing professional development for rural and remote health care practitioners. In 6th National Rural Health Conference Good Health-Good Country from Conception to Completion (pp. 4-7). Giri, K., Frankel, N., Tulenko, K., Puckett, A., Bailey, R. and Ross, H. 2012. Keeping up to date: Continuing professional development for health workers in developing Countries. Intra Health International. Hinchliff, S., Norman, S., and Schober, J. 2008. Nursing Practice and Health Care 5E: A Foundation Text. CRC Press. McCaffrey, R. 2012. Doctor of Nursing Practice: Enhancing Professional Development. F.A. Davis. Motacki, K., and Burke, K. 2016. Nursing Delegation and Management of Patient Care. Elsevier Health Sciences. Porch, R.A. 2007. Must-have Information for Nurses about Quality and Patient Safety. Joint Commission Resources. Rebeiro, G., Jack, L., Scully, N., and Wilson, D. 2014. Fundamentals of Nursing: Clinical Skills Workbook. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Concepts of Inerrancy and Infallibility in the Bible

Thesis Statement:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Concepts of Inerrancy and Infallibility in the Bible specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Should the Concepts of Inerrancy and Infallibility in the Bible be utilized as Sufficient Justifications of the Legitimacy of Religious Positions on Social Issues?† Introduction It is quite interesting to note that studies such as those by Sherkat (2011) have indicated that an increasingly large amount of religious sermons, statements of faith, and a wide assortment of other such text related to the affirmation of the Catholic faith in God have increasingly utilized the inerrancy and infallibility of the Bible as a method of legitimizing their claims to faith and justifying their views.1 This is not to say that such ideas are without merit, given the supposedly divine origins of the Bible, however, scholars such as Beale (2011) have stated that utilizing the Bible as the justification for one’s faith and views is in itself highly flawed2. Beale (2011) explains this by stating that even if the Bible is inerrant and infallible the fact remains that faith should be an internal development based on a continuing relationship with God which is supported by the scripture within the Bible, not the other way round wherein scripture is utilized as a means of legitimizing faith. Other scholars such as Smith (2012) question the concepts of inerrancy and infallibility attributed to the Bible given the archaic nature of several scriptures and their general inapplicability to modern day situations3. What you have to understand is that in order to explain the origin of the Bible, the terms inerrancy and infallibility are often utilized interchangeably due to their ability to point out that Bible is far different to any other book that has been written thus far given its historical and religious significance as the word of God.Advertising L ooking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yet, it must be questioned whether such terms should be considered interchangeable given their markedly different meaning and utilization by both the church and religious scholars. First and foremost the term infallible, when utilized in the context of holy scripture such as the Bible, can be defined as transcending concepts related to sin, spiritual or material flaws as well as the deceptions of its writers and the method by which it was communicated to others (i.e. through print, digital text, etc.). In laymen’s terms this means that when the Bible, through the Holy Spirit, describes various aspects related to the good news of Christ such as the vision, purpose and character of God in relation to his design for humanity, is in effect doing so through a transcendental effect that goes straight to the character of the Bible and its message of sa lvation. Inerrant, on the other hand, when defined once more within the context of the Bible, relates to the scriptures within the Bible always being right when carrying out their intended purpose of showing who God is, his vision and purpose for humanity and stating the good news of salvation through Christ4. It is based on this that despite the obvious chronological disparity between the present day and the time in which the bible was written, the content of the scriptures should not be disregarded as if they were a mistake, rather they should be considered as fully applicable guides to current believers regarding the true and righteous path that God had meant for us to follow5. Despite such obvious deviations in meaning and content, inerrancy and infallibility still continue to be used interchangeable to this day. On the other hand, it must be questioned whether the concepts of inerrancy and infallibility can truly be applied to the Bible. This is based on the widely known fact t hat the bible as we know of it today is a combination of select scriptures by the council of Nicaea (325 AD) and as such excludes certain scriptures that could have similarly had the distinction of being considered inerrant and infallible.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Concepts of Inerrancy and Infallibility in the Bible specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Considering that the inerrant and infallible nature of the Bible is based on its divine origins, the fact that the there are some text that are intentionally excluded creates a sufficient amount of reasoning to assume that the Bible is not as inerrant and infallible as it would seem given that it can be deemed as incomplete. It is based on this that it must be asked should the concepts of inerrancy and infallibility in the Bible be utilized as sufficient justifications of the legitimacy of religious positions on social issues? Religious Positions on So cial Issues Religious positions on social issues encapsulate a wide variety of instances such as gay marriage, stem cell research, the death penalty, divorce and other such issues that have ethical and moral underpinnings. It is usually the case that religious positions on such issues often result in positive or negative effects depending on the inherent intent of the religious group involved. For example, due to the advocacy of various religious groups stem cell research has in effect been halted in the U.S. and in other countries around the world due to idea that continuing along this path of research is unethical according the views of God in the Bible involving the sanctity of life. The delay in the social and governmental acceptance of gay marriage in the U.S. and in other countries as well is also a manifestation of the actions of religious groups over their interpretation of the Bible and how this results in their aversion to actions that have been distinctly stated as  "abhorrent† within a variety of scriptures. When examining such issues it can be seen that position of religious on a variety of social issues is connected to interpretations based on the Bible with the inherent justification behind its use being related to its infallibility and inerrant nature.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As explained by the article â€Å"The Evolution of the Debate (2012), various religious groups justify their arguments on social issues based on a literal and single minded interpretation of the Bible without sufficiently thinking if such a point of view is actually applicable to the present day circumstances6. This is due to the fact that they believe that the infallible and inerrant nature of the bible deems their actions as justifiable given that they are supposedly in accordance with the will of God. It is this way of thinking that calls into considerable whether utilizing the supposed inerrant and infallible nature of the bible actually creates a justifiably legitimate position by various religious groups on social issues7. This calls into question whether the utilizing the bible as a means of arguing against the use of stem cell research, gay marriage and other such issues is truly valid. Ethos and the Use of Inerrancy and Infallibility in the Bible as Methods of Justificatio n What must be understood is that Ethos refers to the way in which a person portrays themselves in an argument, in a sense it is a method in which persuaders present an â€Å"image† to people that they are attempting to convince. This particular â€Å"image† refers to a persuaders â€Å"character† in the sense that a person is attempting to persuade another person of the righteousness of their statements based on their inherent character. In the case of the various religious groups this takes the form of them attempting to convince other people of the righteousness of their cause on the basis of the image that they are portraying, namely, that the inerrant and infallible nature of the Bible justifies their arguments against a variety of social issues. It is this argument on the basis of a projected image that is a cause for concern since basing it on a projected image alone does not justify the action itself8. For example, a person may argue for the righteousnes s of a cause on the basis of their knowledge of the event yet this attempt at persuasion may in itself be self-serving for the person that is attempting to persuade other individuals. An examination of the motivations behind the use of ethos by various religious organizations reveals that many of their bible based interpretations utilizing the inerrancy and infallibility as a method of justification actually originate from a self-serving nature. Ethos in effect justifies their actions under the basis of a righteous cause yet in the end is more beneficial to them than to other individuals. In the case of ethos what must be understood is that it is â€Å"artifice†, meaning that is created, manufactured, made, constructed etc. It can be considered a type of surface image which may in fact have an entirely fictitious relationship to what is actually true9. For example, a teacher could show up in class one day wearing cowboy boots, a ten gallon hat and long sleeved t-shirt with a large image of a cactus on the front, the next day he can wear an average suit and tie while the day after that he could wear a Scottish kilt, bagpipes and one of those patterned hats. The reason I mention it is due to the fact that despite the different outfits he wears the person and the ideas that are being presented have not changed at all, however, what is changed is the perception of the audience regarding the idea being presented. The same can be said for ethos wherein the method in which the idea is â€Å"packaged† drastically changes the perception of the audience towards accepting the idea itself or the validity of its statements. In the case of the ethos of various religious groups it can be seen that when boiled down to its very essence it is merely a statement which says the following: â€Å"believe in what I say since it is based on inerrant an infallible scripture†. It is in the way that it is packaged and presented to the public that changes the percept ion of the public to the idea that is being presented. What the public sees as an argument based on an ineffable and infallible scripture is in essence is a statement allowing to do whatever they want. Inerrancy and Religious Positioning Inerrancy is based on the concept that what is present is not false and affirms the truth whether it is religious, scientific or physical in nature. What you have to understand though is that the Bible being inerrant does not mean that the interpretations of the Bible that manifest itself through religious doctrine, are sufficiently inerrant themselves. For example, the current church doctrine which is specifically against the advancement of stem cell research is based off the supposedly inerrant notion of the right to life within the bible. Since stem cells are at times derived from zygotes which are incomplete versions of a proto-human fetus their use in medical research is considered to be an abhorrent violation of the right to life as indicated by the bible. It must also be noted that the concept of bible ambiguity can be considered a serious problem when it comes to religious positioning based on inerrancy since passages from the bible can be interpreted in a multitude of possible ways. For example, The Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood through their interpretation of the bible specifically state that the roles of men and women should be differentiated to specific roles within the family with no degree of overlap. As a result of this, leadership positions within the family as well as in businesses, organizations and even in government institutions under the council’s view should be exclusively isolated to men alone. On the other hand, the religious group â€Å"Christians for Biblical Equality† interpret the bible under the context of men and women being equals and possessing the ability to have the same rights and roles. This type of variant interpretation has manifested itself into the creation of n umerous church groups such as the Westborough Baptist Church, the Living Church of God and other such radical segments of Christianity that state that their interpretation of the Bible makes them the â€Å"true† church of God. Given that such groups have teachings that are considered â€Å"abnormal† even by the main orthodoxy of the Catholic Church is clear evidence that religious positions on social issues based on the inerrancy of the bible is unjustifiable given the different ways in which statements within it can be adjusted in such a way that they can actually promote hate. One of the best examples of this can be seen in the numerous instances where the Westborough Baptist Church has openly picketed in numerous areas openly stating their hatred for gays, the fact that soldiers who died in Iraq for their country are going to hell and that God does not have a place in heaven for individuals that support concepts outside of their acknowledged religious orthodoxies. F rom a certain perspective it can even be stated that the interpretation of the inerrancy of the Bible in the case of the West Borough Baptist church is one that actually promotes hate and bigotry, which were aspects that Jesus was clearly against during his time on Earth. Other interpretations based on the inerrant nature of the bible take the form of religious groups within the Philippines which has the largest Catholic community in Asia. Religious groups such as â€Å"Iglesia ni Christo† do not believe in venerating Mary based on their own interpretation of the Bible. Other groups such as the Born Again Christians do not even believe in the concept of saints which is similarly based on their belief in their own interpretation of the inerrant nature of the scripture of the Bible. As it can be seen, interpretations of the bible can be utilized to justify a whole gamut of possible manifestations whether religious or social in nature. Can the Bible be Considered Infallible? The premise of the infallibility of the bible is based on the fact that it was created as a direct action of divine intervention wherein the Holy Spirit inspired the original writers of the text to create the scriptures that we know of in the present. As such, it is considered by many religious scholars as the word of God that has been imparted to all of us as a message of love, peace and the affirmation of our faith and our destiny as God’s children. From the point of view of Grass (2007), the Bible is only considered infallible within the context of the Catholic faith given that other religions have their own versions of religious text which they similarly consider infallible (the Qur’an being a prime example of this)10. Grass (2007), points out though that the infallibility of the bible at the present is often taken out of context regarding its original purpose. The bible was meant as a means of guiding people to interact with their fellow man, to establish peaceful re lations within society and to create a culture that values love, sharing and the development of social bonds that would discourage violent actions. Thus, as a guide, it has indeed served its purpose given that biblical text has helped to inspire society towards a more â€Å"humane† way of interaction. Yet, as Galli (2011) is quick to point out, the bible was never meant as a means of dictating every aspect in relation to how society was meant to operate11. What you have to understand is that the â€Å"timelessness† that is attributed to the infallibility of the Bible is connected to its nature of ethical actions within social relationships. This means that aspects related to governance, development of technologies, conservation, environmentalism and other such topics which are at the forefront of modern day debates are not specifically included in the bible for the reason that it was never meant to encapsulate such aspects in the first place. Hylton (2011) goes on to s tate that it was only when religious institutions started interpreting the various scriptures within the bible based on its inherent inerrancy that the current problems related to religious interference in social issues started12. It based on this that it can be stated that the infallibility attributed to the bible when it comes to religious positions on social issues is unfounded given that what is stated within is taken out of context. It must be noted though several studies which have examined current teachings within religious institutions reveal that many religious orders have started to teach students that facts contained within the Bible pertaining to specific scientific or historical events which do not have an impact on their concept of faith and the Christian practice of religious devotion, may in fact contain considerable errors. This is in direct opposition to other groups who state that everything within the Bible should be considered as incontrovertible fact. What you have to understand is that despite the statements of a multitude of religious scholars, the Bible was in fact created in order to conform to ancient beliefs and practices. This means that the story of genesis, marriage to children and even the stoning of women that cheat on their husbands were all manifestations of practices at the time and as such reflected themselves accordingly into the different scriptures. In an era of modern science and greater social conscious involving ethical marriage practices and commensurate methods of punishment, the examples presented within the Bible can no longer be considered wholly accurate, and various religious groups have started to also acknowledge this as well. It is based on this that the inerrancy of the Bible as an entirely accurate source of information is doubted and as such is the basis behind an argument against the use of the concept of the infallibility of the Bible as a sufficient justification of the legitimacy of religious position s on social issues. Justification of Position Based on Inerrancy Inerrancy is based on the concept of there being no errors whatsoever within a given piece of text. Aside from grammatical errors brought about by issues in translation, the bible supposedly has no errors and is thus the pivotal text often utilized to justify religious positions. This has been seen in numerous instances throughout history such as the debate in stem cell research within the U.S., the removal of the death penalty within several Catholic oriented states within Europe as well as the Republic Health Bill within the Philippines which focuses on the introduction of sexual education classes to combat adverse increases in the population. The justification behind church interference in such issues comes directly from doctrines based on the bible involving the right to life, the orders of God to â€Å"go forth and multiply† and the teachings of Jesus which specifically connote the necessity of protecting l ife. In justifying their position on such matters religious scholars often point towards the inerrant nature of the Bible which focuses on the plan of God for humanity and the doctrines by which we should live our lives. The inherent problem though with the bible is that it lacks sufficient advice regarding the current overpopulation of the planet, the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted illnesses and the fact that stem cell research could potentially improve the lives of countless number of people. As such, while Evangelical scholars point out that the Bible is â€Å"without error in all that affirms† the fact remains that its affirmations lack sufficient precedent on modern day issues. This is not to say that the bible is wrong, the fact is that the bible acts as a sufficient foundation for reasonable action and behaviors which acts as the cornerstones of society, however, the fact remains that it should be considered as a foundation and not the entirety by which s ocial actions should be based upon13. In a rather debasing fashion, Hansen (2008) points out that the bible states that it is perfectly fine to stone a woman to death, have sex with a child and other similar types of behavior14. Hansen (2008) utilizes this as evidence that the bible is not necessarily inerrant given that such methods of behavior are widely considered to be socially unacceptable at the present. While the arguments utilized by Hansen (2008) are far from academically appropriate, the fact remains that they do point out the inherent weaknesses of the bible and the necessity of modifying the general attitude towards its inerrant nature. For example, post modernist Christians point out that the bible should be considered partially inerrant with some aspects being utilized in order to justify methods of behavior but should not be utilized in order to affect issues which are social in nature. On the other end of the spectrum scholars point towards the inspirations drawn fro m inerrant scriptures as the means by which moral and ethical decisions concerning society should be based upon. As Jelen and Lockett (2010) explains, the fact is that the bible acts as a moral compass by which society compares its current position with the intended destination by God. It is only through such an examination that we are able to determine whether as a society we are heading towards a path of positive development or adverse debasement under the guise of technological innovation. Jelen and Lockett (2010) goes on to explain that society needs an inerrant comparison by which it can compare itself to in order to develop in such a way that it is in conjunction with the intended path set forth by God. Such arguments are related to the concepts of the protection of life, barring the use of contraception, affirming the dual nature of the sexes (i.e. being against homosexuality) and the establishment of a life based on religious doctrine15. Conclusion Based on the given argumen ts presented within this paper it can be seen that the concepts of inerrancy and infallibility when applied to the bible should not be utilized as sufficient justification on religious positions on social issues. One of the reasons behind this stems from differences in interpretation, whether intentional or not, that results in differing groups manifesting a plethora of divergent arguments. What you have to understand is that the context in which the bible was written can be interpreted in either a literal or spiritual sense and as such can result in a variety of differing religious observances. This can be seen in the general acceptance of homosexuality by one faction of Christianity and disdain from another. The same applies to views regarding women’s rights, religious observances and general ethics. As explained earlier, the bible was never truly meant to encompass all aspects and changes that could occur within society. It was written within the context of the time of the authors and as such manifests ethical and moral principles that were inherent to this particular time frame and culture. Thus, when compared to present day circumstances, the various social observances that were noted within the bible at the time become distinctly different. As such, when applied to present day social standards the bible cannot be considered wholly inerrant given that it can no longer sufficiently apply itself to modern day issues. Not only that, it was originally meant as a means of helping promote social relationships such as friendship, love and peace and; it was not meant as a means by which people should dictate the way in which society should evolve. It must also be noted that the infallible notion of the Bible is also highly questionable when applied to concepts related to technological development, population control and environmentalism given that it was not meant to encapsulate such aspects. It was originally meant as a guide for interaction, faith and th e development of love for one’s fellow man. Taking this into consideration, it can be stated justifying religious positions on the inerrant and infallible nature of the Bible is thus inapplicable since what is being done is merely interpreting what is being said in order to fit the definitions that suit the needs of that particular religious group. It can also be stated that based on the presented information it can be seen that ethos can be manufactured and created for a certain purpose and in the case of the ethos utilized by religious groups its basis is one which advocates the manipulation of facts in order to serve the ends of that particular group. The fact remains that due to reasoning of the ethos used by religious organizations that keeps on justifying itself on the basis of the infallible and inerrant nature of the Bible shows itself to be inherently flawed. The ethical flaw in this particular case is the fact that basis a system of ethos on self-interpretation crea tes far too many risks in terms of the ethical principles behind the creation of the ethos itself. In fact further examination of this type of ethos reveals that it seems more self-serving to religious groups than to the general public. As it was established earlier the concept of ethos can be shaped and molded in order to entice greater public support for a particular issue. That is what is being seen in the ethos of various religious groups wherein the justification for actions are based on an ethos that has been molded to create positive public opinion but in fact is nothing more than a method of allowing such groups to do what they please. Bibliography Audi, Robert. â€Å"Belief, faith, and acceptance.† International Journal For Philosophy Of Religion 63, no. 1-3 (February 2008): 87-102. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Beale, G. K. â€Å"Can the bible be completely inspired by god and yet still contain errors? a response to some recent â€Å"evangelical† prop osals.† Westminster Theological Journal 73, no. 1 (Spring2011 2011): 1-22. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Durland, Stanley. â€Å"The Structure of Biblical Inspiration.† Journal Of Spirituality Paranormal Studies 30, no. 2 (April 2007): 101-111. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Galli, Mark. â€Å"A New Bible Battle.† Christianity Today 55, no. 10 (October 2011): 11. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . Grass, Tim. â€Å"Scripture alone: ‘Is the Bible all we need?’.† Evangel 25, no. 3 (September 2007): 66-68. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Hansen, Collin. â€Å"Bishops Battle for the Bible.† Christianity Today 52, no. 12 (December 2008): 16. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . Hylton, Pauline. â€Å"Gifted by God.† Priority! 13, no. 2 (Summer2011 2011): 39. MasterFILE Complete, EBSCOhost . Jelen, Ted G., and Linda A. Lockett. â€Å"AMERICAN CLERGY ON EVOLUTION AND CREATIONISM.† Review Of Religious Research 51, no. 3 (March 2010): 277-287. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Kantzer, K. â€Å"Why I still believe the Bible is true.† Christianity Today 32, no. 14 (October 7, 1988): 22. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . â€Å"Leaving Out the Bible Can Lead to Incorrect Results.† Biblical Archaeology Review 37, no. 6 (November 2011): 12-66. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . â€Å"No Errors? The Baptists and the bible.† Time 114, no. 1 (July 2, 1979): 61. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Sherkat, Darren E. â€Å"Religion and Scientific Literacy in the United States.† Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) 92, no. 5 (December 15, 2011): 1134-1150. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . Sheler, Jeffery L. â€Å"Mysteries of the Bible. (cover story).† U.S. News World Report 118, no. 15 (April 17, 1995): 60. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . Smith, Andrew. â€Å"Secularity and biblical literalism: confronting the case for epistemological diversity. † International Journal For Philosophy Of Religion 71, no. 3 (June 2012): 205-219. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . â€Å"The Evolution of the Debate.† Christianity Today 56, no. 7 (July 2012): 28. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . Footnotes 1 Sherkat, Darren E. â€Å"Religion and Scientific Literacy in the United States.† Social Science Quarterly (Blackwell Publishing Limited) 92, no. 5 (December 15, 2011): 1134-1150. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . 2 Beale, G. K. â€Å"Can the bible be completely inspired by god and yet still contain errors? a response to some recent â€Å"evangelical† proposals.† Westminster Theological Journal 73, no. 1 (Spring2011 2011): 1-22. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . 3 Smith, Andrew. â€Å"Secularity and biblical literalism: confronting the case for epistemological diversity.† International Journal For Philosophy Of Religion 71, no. 3 (June 2012): 205-219. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . 4  "No Errors? The Baptists and the bible.† Time 114, no. 1 (July 2, 1979): 61. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . 5 Kantzer, K. â€Å"Why I still believe the Bible is true.† Christianity Today 32, no. 14 (October 7, 1988): 22. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . 6 â€Å"The Evolution of the Debate.† Christianity Today 56, no. 7 (July 2012): 28. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . 7 â€Å"Leaving Out the Bible Can Lead to Incorrect Results.† Biblical Archaeology Review 37, no. 6 (November 2011): 12-66. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . 8 Audi, Robert. â€Å"Belief, faith, and acceptance.† International Journal For Philosophy Of Religion 63, no. 1-3 (February 2008): 87-102. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . 9 Sheler, Jeffery L. â€Å"Mysteries of the Bible. (cover story).† U.S. News World Report 118, no. 15 (April 17, 1995): 60. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . 10 Grass, Tim. â€Å"Scripture alone: ‘Is the Bible all we need?’.† Evangel 25, no. 3 (September 2007): 66-68. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . 11 Galli, Mark. â€Å"A New Bible Battle.† Christianity Today 55, no. 10 (October 2011): 11. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . 12 Hylton, Pauline. â€Å"Gifted by God.† Priority! 13, no. 2 (Summer2011 2011): 39. MasterFILE Complete, EBSCOhost . 13 Durland, Stanley. â€Å"The Structure of Biblical Inspiration.† Journal Of Spirituality Paranormal Studies 30, no. 2 (April 2007): 101-111. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . 14 Hansen, Collin. â€Å"Bishops Battle for the Bible.† Christianity Today 52, no. 12 (December 2008): 16. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost . 15 Jelen, Ted G., and Linda A. Lockett. â€Å"AMERICAN CLERGY ON EVOLUTION AND CREATIONISM.† Review Of Religious Research 51, no. 3 (March 2010): 277-287. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost . This research paper on Concepts of Inerrancy and Infallibility in the Bible was written and submitted by user Emerald Woodpecker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The major backbone of the economy Essay Example

The major backbone of the economy Essay Example The major backbone of the economy Essay The major backbone of the economy Essay India has started the innovations in financial markets very late. Some of the recent developments initiated by the regulatory authorities are very important in this respect. Futures trading have been permitted in certain commodity exchanges. Mumbai Stock Exchange has started futures trading in cottonseed and cotton under the BOOE and under the East India Cotton Association. Necessary infrastructure has been created by the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) for trading in stock index futures and the commencement of operations in selected scripts. Liberalised exchange rate management system has been introduced in the year 1992 for regulating the flow of foreign exchange. A committee headed by S. S. Tarapore was constituted to go into the merits of full convertibility on capital accounts. RBI has initiated measures for freeing the interest rate structure. It has also envisioned Mumbai Inter Bank Offer Rate (MIBOR) on the line of London Inter Bank Offer Rate (LIBOR) as a step towards introducing Futures trading in Interest Rates and Forex. Badla transactions have been banned in all 23 stock exchanges from July 2001. NSE has started trading in index options based on the NIFTY and certain Stocks. In the decade of 1990s revolutionary changes took place in the institutional infrastructure in Indias equity market. It has led to wholly new ideas in market design that has come to dominate the market. These new institutional arrangements, coupled with the widespread knowledge and orientation towards equity investment and speculation, have combined to provide an environment where the equity spot market is now Indias most sophisticated financial market. One aspect of the sophistication of the equity market is seen in the levels of market liquidity that are now visible. The market impact cost of doing program trades of Rs. 5 million at the NIFTY index is around 0. 2%. This state of liquidity on the equity spot market does well for the market efficiency, which will be observed if the index futures market when trading commences. Indias equity spot market is dominated by a new practice called Futures Style settlement or account period settlement. In its present scene, trades on the largest stock exchange (NSE) are netted from Wednesday morning till Tuesday evening, and only the net open position as of Tuesday evening is settled. The future style settlement has proved to be an ideal launching pad for the skills that are required for futures trading. Stock trading is widely prevalent in India, hence it seems easy to think that derivatives based on individual securities could be very important. The index is the counter piece of portfolio analysis in modern financial economies. Index fluctuations affect all portfolios. The index is much harder to manipulate. This is particularly important given the weaknesses of Law Enforcement in India, which have made numerous manipulative episodes possible. The market capitalisation of the NSE-50 index is Rs. 2. 6 trillion. This is six times larger than the market capitalisation of the largest stock and 500 times larger than stocks such as Sterlite, BPL and Videocon. If market manipulation is used to artificially obtain 10% move in the price of a stock with a 10% weight in the NIFTY, this yields a 1% in the NIFTY. Cash settlements, which is universally used with index derivatives, also helps in terms of reducing the vulnerability to market manipulation, in so far as the short-squeeze is not a problem. Thus, index derivatives are inherently less vulnerable to market manipulation. A good index is a sound trade of between diversification and liquidity. In India the traditional index- the BSE sensitive index was created by a committee of stockbrokers in 1986. It predates a modern understanding of issues in index construction and recognition of the pivotal role of the market index in modern finance. The flows of this index and the importance of the market index in modern finance, motivated the development of the NSE-50 index in late 1995. Many mutual funds have now adopted the NIFTY as the benchmark for their performance evaluation efforts. If the stock derivatives have to come about, the should restricted to the most liquid stocks. Membership in the NSE-50 index appeared to be a fair test of liquidity. The 50 stocks in the NIFTY are assuredly the most liquid stocks in India. The choice of Futures vs. Options is often debated. The difference between these instruments is smaller than, commonly imagined, for a futures position is identical to an appropriately chosen long call and short put position. Hence, futures position can always be created once options exist. Individuals or firms can choose to employ positions where their downside and exposure is capped by using options. Risk management of the futures clearing is more complex when options are in the picture. When portfolios contain options, the calculation of initial price requires greater skill and more powerful computers. The skills required for pricing options are greater than those required in pricing futures. In India, the futures market for commodities evolved by the setting up of the Bombay Cotton Trade Association Ltd. , in 1875. A separate association by the name Bombay Cotton Exchange Ltd was established following widespread discontent amongst leading cotton mill owners and merchants over the functioning of the Bombay Cotton Trade Association. With the setting up of the Gujarati Vyapari Mandali in 1900, the futures trading in oilseed began. Commodities like groundnut, castor seed and cotton etc began to be exchanged. Raw jute and jute goods began to be traded in Calcutta with the establishment of the Calcutta Hessian Exchange Ltd. in 1919. The most notable centres for existence of futures market for wheat were the Chamber of Commerce at Hapur, which was established in 1913. Other markets were located at Amritsar, Moga, Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Fazilka, Dhuri, Barnala and Bhatinda in Punjab and Muzaffarnagar, Chandausi, Meerut, Saharanpur, Hathras, Gaziabad, Sikenderabad and Barielly in U. P. The Bullion Futures market began in Bombay in 1990. After the economic reforms in 1991 and the trade liberalization, the Govt. of India appointed in June 1993 one more committee on Forward Markets under Chairmanship of Prof. K. N. Kabra. The Committee recommended that futures trading be introduced in basmati rice, cotton, raw jute and jute goods, groundnut, rapeseed/mustard seed, cottonseed, sesame seed, sunflower seed, safflower seed, copra and soybean, and oils and oilcakes of all of them, rice bran oil, castor oil and its oilcake, linseed, silver and onions. All over the world commodity trade forms the major backbone of the economy. In India, trading volumes in the commodity market have also seen a steady rise to Rs 5,71,000 crore in FY05 from Rs 1,29,000 crore in FY04. In the current fiscal year, trading volumes in the commodity market have already crossed Rs 3,50,000 crore in the first four months of trading. Some of the commodities traded in India include Agricultural Commodities like Rice Wheat, Soya, Groundnut, Tea, Coffee, Jute, Rubber, Spices, Cotton, Precious Metals like Gold Silver, Base Metals like Iron Ore, Aluminium, Nickel, Lead, Zinc and Energy Commodities like crude oil, coal. Commodities form around 50% of the Indian GDP. Though there are no institutions or banks in commodity exchanges, as yet, the market for commodities is bigger than the market for securities. Commodities market is estimated to be around Rs 44,00,000 Crores in future. Assuming a future trading multiple is about 4 times the physical market, in many countries it is much higher at around 10 times.

Mormon Church of the Latter Day Saints Research Paper

Mormon Church of the Latter Day Saints - Research Paper Example The wise, prudent and intellectual individuals, by dint of their spiritual thoughtfulness and strong religious belief, rose to the occasion to warn and forbid the people from making alterations in the real teachings of the founders of the religion, so that the true spirit of faith could be rejuvenated out of the misconceptions and amendments inaccurately taken place with the passage of time; the Latter Day Saints Movement was also launched with the same motifs and objectives in view. Launched by Joseph Smith Jr. (1805-1844) out of some powerful, unabated and unremitting spiritual inspirations, the movement was determined to give up and eradicate every unnecessary addition from the religious norms and beliefs, which had no roots in the faith introduced by Jesus Christ and the saints belonging to the earliest Christian centuries. It is, therefore, the movement is frequently argued to be the fundamentalist movement of restoration for the real teachings of Christ, and its spiritual leade rs are called the latter day saints in order to distinguish them from the early era saints of Christianity. Smith Jr. â€Å"was restoring the only true church which had been lost for centuries due to the corruptions into which all supposedly Christian groups, whether Catholic or Protestant or Orthodox, had fallen.† (Moorhead & Heuser, 1985:1) Hence, like Martin Luther’s reform movement, Mormonism was also interested to mitigate the corruption and exploitation of church being conducted at the hands of religious dogmatism. Mormonism refused to accept the false notion that the historical events, described in the Bible, were just parables; on the contrary, the church strongly believed that all the Biblical stories are based upon the real events occurred from God either as reward on the pious humans for performing excellent deeds, or the punishments for making mischief and going astray from the right path of glory and virtue. Consequently, Noah’s survival in the grea t flood was the sign of the Lord’s blessings upon Noah, his family, and true followers, while the same was the token of His wrath on the disobedient and transgressors. Similarly, Abraham’s seed was bestowed upon with mercies and bounties in the form of spiritual and worldly leadership, while the later generations had to lead the life of slavery because of the malpractices the children of Israel had started committing. For instance, Judah’s scheme of throwing Joseph into the well, and people’s worshipping the golden calf in the absence of Moses invited the wrath of God on transgressors. All these incidents had occurred in reality, so declaring them as the parables and folklores really meant disclaiming the powers of the Lord and His universal system of justice and fair play. Mormon Church also disregards any claim regarding the evolution process and declares Darwin’s evolution theory as baseless and imaginary one in nature and scope.

How technology, with particular emphasis on the internet and Essay

How technology, with particular emphasis on the internet and computers, has changed world culture - Essay Example However after the introduction of automobiles it can be seen that even the third world countries of Pakistan and Bangladesh have started using them. People nowadays prefer travelling in automobiles than travelling in these carriages. Computers and internet similarly have had a huge impact on the cultural values of people. Previously people believed in interacting with each other through different means but never was it known that these people would interact through the digital world soon. After the introduction of computers, internet has evolved as a massive force controlling a group of the society. People interact through internet so easily that many prefer using it as a medium for interacting other than anything. Previously the culture of meeting in real was common for people however as times have changed it can be seen that the culture has also changed. With the evolvement of internet social networking websites have been given a way to change the culture previously prevalent. Face book, MySpace and Twitter are some examples of these networking sites which allow people to interact through the digital world. People usually prefer sitting at their homes and interacting with their friends and family members through these networking sites. It is here that a conflict arises between the new culture and the old culture.